Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Films

Ruler Of The Flies ?The Lord of the Flies is an image of our general public today.? Examine the announcement and show the manner in which the announcement applies The Lord of the Flies is about a little society of young men framed by some coincidence. Their confinement from grown-ups constrained reality upon them thus they needed to have an independent mind what's more, cooperate. As a discourse of the present society it does well to clarify a few of the present issues like brutality, laws, pride, eagerness, dread, strict force and the strife between living in an edified society or brutality. It is about the decision the young men made when life turned out to be genuine. In the starting their lives were controlled and ensured by their folks, educators and cops. Jack can't execute the pig despite the fact that he can eat meat due to the ?immensity of the blade slipping and cutting into living substance.? (p 41). Roger can't hit the young men with the stones despite the fact that he could in the event that he needed to in light of the fact that he has been molded by the general public he used to live in. This is the sort of society the youngsters live in. Everything is a game until the monster. The brute signals the finish of the games furthermore, beginning of the real world. Lives are in question in context of the young men and endurance must happen in any structure. Our general public is a lot of like this as the present society is likewise about endurance and what decisions we make to endure. The smaller than normal society began serene. The intention was to set a sign fire and live off natural product until help came. The contention came when the fire and chasing proved unable be focused on simultaneously. As the fire was a 24 hour errand and chasing required the entire party, the gathering began to favor one side. Ralph's fire would be the reasonable intention for get protected anyway chasing would lift the way of life for all the young men and would likewise be an extravagance, recreational occasion. The fire was difficult work and quick outcomes were none despite the fact that drawn out outcomes would be better. The chasing side successes in the end. In Australia today we are spending past our capacity to bear the cost of this spending. This implies we have an extraordinary convergence of merchandise and enterprises however as a network we are conning ourselves as this prompts a present record shortage what's more, the typical cost for basic items in this deficiency must be paid in addition to the shortfall. In this current cabinet, the shortfall was their ethics and the intrigue was paid throughout everyday life. The conch was the image of intensity and it spoke to the request in the start of the book. It united them and gave laws to the general public. The principle law being whoever holds it has the privilege to talk without interposition or slight while he was talking. It is a lot of like a cop's identification or even the mace in our parliament. Be that as it may, the monster held a more prominent control over the conch which was dread. It is utilized by Jack to pick up control over the remainder of the gathering. His guarantees and rallies to murder the mammoth facilitated the dread of the young men and henceforth he prevailed upon the gathering. The executing of Simon as the mammoth yet saying the monster was as yet alive, demonstrated Jack had utilized the brute to keep his capacity as pioneer of the clan. As it were, it turned into a religion as Jack's custom of executing pigs for their heads to keep the brute upbeat. This was his technique for advancing chasing. Different instances of this in genuine society are the Vikings whose guarantee of Valhalla made them among the best warriors ever on the planet. In the present society, religions can give influence and cash to numerous individuals. Dread of divine beings or insurance from all feelings of dread in the public eye can cause individual to give to a strict unit material products or faithfulness. Indeed, even customary religions like Catholicism can permit the pioneers to lead an existence of extravagance. Brutality in the book increments as it does in the public eye today. From the outset, the goal of executing the main pig was there and afterward when a pig was at long last slaughtered, slaughtering got simpler. The limitation that considered executing inadmissible in the public eye was broken. Next

NATO as peacekeeping force in KOSOVO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

NATO as peacekeeping power in KOSOVO - Essay Example In any case the nearness of NATO powers in Kosovo is the cruel reality. Before that â€Å"the United States and its European accomplices looked to concede settling on troublesome choices, favoring rather to wade through with the expectation that some way or another and someway an answer would introduce itself that would without a moment's delay end the brutality, give a firm political premise to settlement, and abstain from standing up to the global network with a need to the enormous force.† Its suggestions for the union and its future are loaded with vulnerabilities. â€Å"On March 24, 1999, NATO started Operation Allied Force as a way to propel Slobodan Milosevic to stop ethnic purifying in Kosovo and to haul Serbian powers out of the contested region. Albeit at first expected to last a couple of days, the activity didn't finish up until June 10, 1999- - after 78 days - when Milosevic consented to NATO's terms. Activity Allied Force denoted a watershed in the Alliance's hi story and a critical takeoff from NATO's selective Cold-War center around the safeguard of its individuals' borders.† Kosovo battle opened new skylines for the Alliance, not in its assigned operational goals. NATO’s bearing is to ensure the general interests of the nations that are signatories to the NATO bargain, yet their resulting brief contacted the zones and targets not foreseen before. They took in their step the obligation of emergency reaction and emergency the executives in the whole mainland of Europe. In any event, when the regional trustworthiness and power.

Misunderstood Until the End Curleys Wife in Of Mice and Men - Literature Essay Samples

One poignant example of the misperceptions that women face in a male-dominated society is presented in the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. The story takes place in the Dust Bowl era, when rough economic times made it hard to find work; two farmhands, George and Lennie, manage to take a job at a ranch. They meet many people at the farm, such as the boss’s son Curley, who is disliked by many including, notably, his wife. Although she is seen by the other men as flirtatious and provocative, Steinbeck generates sympathy for Curley’s wife by presenting the men’s opinions on her, then revealing her true self through dialogue at the end of the novel, ultimately suggesting that the way others see her may not be how she truly is. Although the men at the ranch don’t know her, they still have set preconceptions about Curley’s wife. They immediately judge her by the way she dresses, acts, and the fact that she is a woman- the only woman on the ranch, in fact. Throughout the novel, they call her a â€Å"tart† and â€Å"tramp†. When George and Lennie first arrive at the ranch, the old swamper Candy tells them about her: â€Å"She got the eye†¦ I think Curley’s married a tart,† (28). Candy doesn’t really know her, and just uses her as a way to describe Curley as if she is just one of his qualities and not a person. Upon hearing what Candy has to say, George tells Lennie: â€Å"You keep away from her, ‘cause she’s a rat-trap if I ever seen one,† George has only heard a few things about her, yet uses those few thoughts and his preconceptions against women to assume that she is what everyone says she is. Another way Steinbeck generates sympathy for Curley’s wife is by having her seen as an object, rather than a human with feelings. Throughout the book she’s only referred to as â€Å"Curley’s wife†. Steinbeck doesn’t even give her a name, choosing to allude to her as a mere possession of Curley’s. This shows how she is trapped under Curley’s power, as well as how insignificant women were to men in that time period. When Curley’s wife has the opportunity to open up about her feelings, she tells Lennie: â€Å"‘You can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody?’† (87) She’s very lonely on the ranch because she is the only woman, and Curley doesn’t want her talking to anyone else- yet she never receives attention from him. This is what makes her adopt a flirtatious manner, because she tries to gain that lost attention from the other m en on the ranch. This causes the other men to view her as a â€Å"tart†, and the cycle of oppression keeps repeating because women aren’t seen as their own person like men are. Towards the end of the novel, Curley’s wife shows another side of her when talking one-on-one with Lennie. She finally opens up and reveals her pent-up emotions: â€Å"‘Wha’s the matter with me?’ she cried. ‘Ain’t I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am, anyways. I ain’t doin’ no harm to you†¦. Seems like they ain’t none of them cares how I gotta live’† (87). She knows that the other men dislike her, but doesn’t understand why, and it makes her feel alone and upset. Curley’s wife also opens up about her past, and how she almost made it to Hollywood. â€Å"‘I tell you I ain’t used to livin’ like this. I coulda made somethin’ of myself† (88). She could’ve become a famous actress, but her mother didn’t let her. In fact, she only married Curley to get away from her mother. Prior to this scene, readers only know what the other men sa y about her. Now, upon hearing Curley’s wife’s real story, they know the reasons for what she does and can sympathize with her. Steinbeck’s portrayal of Curley’s wife allows the reader to sympathize with her. At first she is presented as a provocative woman whom the men dislike. However, by the end of the story, Steinbeck has her talk about her true feelings, and this allows the reader to have a better understanding of her character. The way in which Steinbeck has written reinforces the fact that stereotypes or preconceptions against women are not always true, and that despite facades of all sorts, everyone has his or her own story.

Sickle Cell Disease An Overview - 800 Words

Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary issue in which the body produces Sickled formed red platelets. In Sickle cell disease, or SCD, the hemoglobin in red platelets gathers together. This in turn causes red platelets to get firm and C-formed. The most well-known signs and indications of SCD are anemia and pain through the body. Sickle Cell Disease occurs most commonly in individuals whose families descend from West Africa, South or Central America (particularly Panama), Caribbean islands, Mediterranean nations, (for example, Turkey, Greece, and Italy), India, and Saudi Arabia. In the United States, it’s estimated that Sickle cell affects between 70,000–100,000 individuals, predominately African†¦show more content†¦The condition creates when Sickle-molded red platelets hinder move through minor vessels to the midsection, mid-region, joints, and once in a while bones, bringing on great torment and distress. Torment may change in force and can keep going for a couple of hours to a couple of weeks. Some individuals encounter just a couple of scenes of torment. Others encounter twelve or more emergencies a year. In the event that an emergency is serious enough, it may oblige hospitalization. A significant muddling of Sickle cell frailty is oxygen hardship in blood and organs. The accompanying portrays a portion of the other wellbeing issues of those hit with SCD: Stroke. A stroke can happen if Sickle cells piece blood stream to a region of your mind. Intense midsection syndrome. This life-debilitating entanglement of Sickle cell sickliness causes midsection torment, fever and trouble relaxing. Pulmonary hypertension. Shortness of breath and trouble breathing are regular manifestations of this condition, which might be deadly. Organ harm. Sickle cells may obstruct blood move through veins, instantly denying an organ of blood and oxygen. Constant hardship of oxygen-rich blood can harm nerves and organs in your body, including your kidneys, liver and spleen. Lack of sight. Minor veins that supply your eyes can get obstructed by Sickle cells. This can harm the retina, the segment of the eye that techniques visual pictures, about whether. Gallstones. TheShow MoreRelatedCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesDefects of Cell Signaling Over the past semester in cell biology, determining protein structure and functions of gene sequences have been some important discussions in class. On this discussion, many people will agree that the defects from the protein structure and gene sequences such as cell-signaling are the main factors of human disease. When it comes to the topic of human disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference toRead MoreA Research Study : The Haemoglobinopathy, A Severe Blood Disorder And Its Effects On African People1020 Words   |  5 Pagesanaemia due to sickled red blood cells however in 1949 Linus Pauling identified that there was a molecular difference in the haemoglobin of a sickled and wild-type individual (Gabriel, A. and Przybylski, J., 2010). Ingram V. made the further observation that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) resulting in valine instead of glutamic acid led to the conformational change in haemoglob in (Gabriel, A. and Przybylski, J., 2010). Although there is an increase of the disease in the UK, SCD has generallyRead MoreSickle Cell Anemi A Group Of Diseases Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesSickle Cell Anemia Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a group of diseases in which the affected individual has at least one copy of hemoglobin S (HbS). 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Due to a genetic mutation in the gene responsible for the production of haemoglobin (MayoClinic, 2014) the red blood cells, which are usually a biconcave disk in shape, become sickle (bent) shaped (Figure 1) and the haemoglobin that the redRead MoreWhat Qualities, Skills, Talents, And Experiences Of A Good Health Care Practitioner?1418 Words   |  6 Pagescoursework that I have taken reflects my interest in the intersection between biomedical science and its applications through an anthropological lens. For example, I have performed public health research on biological and social factors influencing sickle cell disease with the Public Health Advanced Summer Education program. I also enjoy translating the knowledge I obtained into teachings that will impact others. 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It is an inhibitor of DNA methylation and was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in May 2004. MDS are diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow, which result in

Comparing and Contrasting Nietzsche’s Preparatory Human...

Take a minute to relax. Enjoy the lightness, or surprising heaviness, of the paper, the crispness of the ink, and the regularity of the type. There are over four pages in this stack, brimming with the answer to some question, proposed about subjects that are necessarily personal in nature. All of philosophy is personal, but some philosophers may deny this. Discussed here are philosophers that would not be that silly. Two proto-existentialists, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, were keen observers of humanity, and yet their conclusions were different enough to seem contradictory. Discussed here will be Nietzsche’s â€Å"preparatory human being† and Kierkegaard’s â€Å"knight of faith†. Both are archetypal human beings that exist in†¦show more content†¦He goes on, in the same section to state that a men of free spirit, the free spirit being another name of the archetype of preparatory human being, had a boon in polytheism, for it allowed people to create their own morality because they chose their gods from many (Science 192). The free spirit, then, is someone who does not succumb to the pressures of outside morality, but rather is able to construct, at least partially, his own value. This makes them stand out above others during the time when a monotheistic morality is in decline. What is said of the preparatory human being? The preparatory human being does not hold a specific value, but rather Nietzsche uses behavioral and psychological states to describe someone who has made their own value. In one aphorism, Nietzsche reveals some of the qualities that the preparatory human beings are â€Å"†¦human beings who are bent on seeking in all things for what in them must be overcome†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and who have â€Å"†¦their own festivals, their own working days, and their own periods of mourning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Science 228). Obviously no two free spirits will be the same. This is kind of the poi nt. Nietzsche’s obvious predilection for individuality, originality, and art is expressed here. Preparatory human beings are not judged by Nietzsche to hold any beliefs, but rather it is the root and effects of their beliefs that is the real test. They are

The Challenger Disaster

Question: Write an essay on The Challenger disaster. Answer: Introduction The Challenger disaster occurred on January 28th, 1986 when the American shuttle orbiter Challenger broke down 73 seconds after the takeoff. There were seven astronauts aboard the shuttle who all lost their lives in the incident. The mission was stated to be one of the landmarks in the history of NASA but it ended in such a disaster. The spacecraft was on its 10th mission and consisted of seven astronauts. The spacecraft was developed with the aim of creating a reusable spacecraft and as such, was develope3de in 1976. However, some technical malfunctioning in the crafts machinery was what caused the disaster. The main reason for the tragedy was located as the malfunctioning of the two O-rings that separated the craft. The O-rings had been frozen by the cold temperatures on the morning of the launch and as such, it could not carry out its function. This was seen as a managerial flaw that cost the lives of the seven astronauts on board the shuttle. The management was held responsible f or a simple routine inspection could have saved the lives of the astronauts. The management at NASA again created a controversy in 2003 when the spacecraft Columbia met with a disaster. The spacecraft was successful in its launch and also completed the mission but the spacecraft was destroyed in its return journey. The craft exploded as a result of friction with the Earths atmosphere. This prompted an investigation into NASAs work culture and it was found that the management was once again at fault for not monitoring all the processes before the takeoff as per the required standards. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board was behind the process of investigating all the reasons for the accident. It was found that there was a hole in the thermal protection tile that allowed superheated air to enter the craft and destroy it. This was a result of the negligence on the part of the management and as a result, the work and organizational culture came under fire. Comparison of the two disasters The Challenger disaster The Challenger mission was originally scheduled to be on the 22nd of January 1986 and included seven astronauts. The inclusion of Christa McAuliffe made it a special mission as she was about to become the first civilian in space. However, the spacecraft met with a disaster on its 10th mission and as such, created a lot of controversies for the management in charge of the operation (Bhatia, 2002). The O-ring problem was indeed a managerial mistake that resulted in such a disaster. The O-ring fault was a result of the management and engineering at Thiokol that was responsible for the manufacture of the Solid Rocket Motor (Schultz and Eberhardy, 2015). The Rogers commission, Media and the House of representatives covered the story conventionally but no one took into account the real reason behind the tragedy. The work culture at NASA was highly responsible for the accident as it was a normalization of deviance that created such loose measures for the inspections and other processes (Bri tton, 2005). There were also factors at work that created a scarcity of funds and competition resulting in lower quality of work. The production also resulted in getting institutionalized which contributed to the reasons for the disaster. NASA however, did not learn from the mistakes in this incident and continued such a work culture with deviant practices. The Columbia disaster The recurrence of a disaster like the Challenger was seen in 2003 when the reusable spacecraft Columbia met with a disaster on its return journey owing to similar managerial carelessness. The breach in the thermal protection shields was a reason for the spacecraft to meet with the accident on its entry into the Earths atmosphere (NASA's organizational and management challenges in the wake of the Columbia disaster, 2004). The reason for such an accident was again a loose managerial system that did not take into account the possible outcomes of such a careless step. The management at NASA did not consider the problems they had noticed prior to the launch of the craft as a possible reason for the accident (Cole and Cole, 2003). The main problem that lay, in this case, was the refusal of the management to work in order to remove a problem that they had noticed. The problem was noticed but not given much priority. The attitude toward such a high-risk sensitive project is one of the manage ment faults that cannot be overlooked. How the decision-making process contributed to the failure of both missions Failure of Challenger Mission The disaster of the Challenger mission was analyzed by the Rogers Commission that located the exact reason of the failure. The Rogers commission was a presidential body that identified that the reason for the accident was the failure of the O-ring that was set on the spacecraft. The function of the O-ring is to seal a critical joint in the solid rocket booster also abbreviated as SRB (Elish, 2007). The Rogers commission thus found that the management was responsible for its flawed decision-making process. The presidential commission identified the cause of the accident as a technical flaw of the O-ring that could not sustain owing to such a dynamic change of temperatures. However, the commission led by William Rogers held Thiokol, the company responsible for the manufacture of the rocket parts as the one responsible for the accident. The commission also held NASA responsible for the accident owing to its managerial system that took serious matters lightly (Engdahl, 2014). The preside ntial commission found out that the personnel at NASA violated a number of regulations that included both internal rules for safety as well as industry standards that ensured the safety of the astronauts. The personnel aimed more towards the achievement of organizational goals rather than creating a system that was designed for the safety of the astronauts and the related staff. The organizational misconduct was thus a big reason for the disaster that followed soon after. The challenger case exhibited a number of flaws traditionally associated with organizational misconduct (Zobel, 2010). Competitive pressure and scarcity of resources, the organizational characteristic that facilitates wrongdoing, and ineffectiveness of the regulatory mechanism were some of the cause of the failure of the mission. The scarcity of resources made the organization prioritize the organizational goals over human safety (Guthrie and Shayo, 2005). The managers, in this case, assessed the risks in a few key places and overlooked the others. The managers engaged in misconduct while competing for scarce resources. There was no systematic risk assessment procedure that could have avoided the disaster. The scarcity of resources and the competitive pressures forced the managers to go ahead with amoral calculations that resulted in the decision to launch. The middle management was also at fault as they had not informed their superiors about the teleconference with Thiokol regarding the problem with the O-ring (Stein, 2010). The work culture was also another factor at play resulting in the accident. The managers and engineers at NASA constantly made decisions with the presence of residual risks. One such residual risk was the defect in the O-ring that made the craft face the problem that resulted in the disaster. The work culture was thus one where the managers and the engineers worked with a constant presence of uncertainties (Haerens, 2012). There was also a concept of acceptable risk that contributed to the event. While the concept of an acceptable risk sounded problematic for the investigating bodies and others associated in the aftermath of the accident, it was a norm at NASA to begin missions with a certain amount of residual risk. The normalization of deviance was also responsible for the disaster that occurred. The managers and engineers did not take into account the strict regulations for the development of the O-ring that held the structure together. Also, accepting risks became a part of the work culture that the managers and engineers in NASA were accustomed to. The benchmarks for the acceptable risk criteria were significantly increased which led to the deviance in the manufacture of the O-ring which ultimately spelled doom for the spacecraft (Jenkins and Lassiter, 2002). After the incident, however, NASA refrained from performing manned missions for two years and performed developments in the spacecraft designs. However, on February 1, 2003, the spacecraft Columbia met with an accident owing to similar reasons of management and decision-making flaws. Failure of Columbia The Columbia disaster was followed by a similar procedure with the formation of a body for the investigation of the matter. The body was named Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) and performed the investigation that pointed out major flaws in the decision-making a process of NASA. The report published by the CAIB found out that the disaster was caused by a faulty design in the external tank. A bit of the insulating foam severed the tank soon after the dispatch and struck the main edge of the Shuttle's left wing at a speed of 670-922km/h. the report revealed that it was the decision-making process that was again at fault for this disaster (Koestler-Grack, 2004). The normalization of the deviation at the workplace was again seen in the structure of the operational framework of NASA. It was foam debris that created a hole in the shields and as a result, allowed the main body to come in contact with the external friction resulting in the subsequent explosion. There was also a sy stem of a photo analysis after the launching of the probe and the debris was located. However, the managers at NASA considered it as a matter of least concern as it was normal for most of the crafts to possess some amount of debris (Z, 2003). NASA also revealed that the foam strikes had been seen in almost every crafts and it was not a major issue to be taken care of. The revelation by NASA itself proved the lack of an efficient decision-making process at the organization (Kortenkamp, 2008). The incident was, in fact, a recurrence of the managerial decision-making flaws during the failure of Challenger. It was thus the flawed reasoning of the management that cost the lives of the astronauts. It was once again a normalcy of deviation (Zappa, 2011). While the matters of foam strikes should have been taken seriously, it was considered as a residual risk that eventually turned into a major one. The system thus needed a total overhaul that could bring back system and efficiency at the wo rkplace. The CAIB also found out that NASA placed organizational success above the lives of the astronauts in an attempt to reach their goals. The process was thus one where the spacecraft that was being used was an old one and should not have been used. The decision-making process that allowed the program to go forward was thus at fault for letting it pass (Lieurance, 2001). What lessons NASA had or had not learned from the Challenger Disaster changes they had implemented prior to the Columbia Disaster and the appropriateness of those decisions The Challenger incident had lessons both theoretical as well as practical for the decision-making processes at any organization. The greatest lesson that this incident contained was the need for creating a strict framework for the work culture. Deviation in the workplace should be monitored and in no way should it be one which puts human lives at risk (Likins, 2003). The mistake, in this case, was socially organized and systematically produced. The work culture was thus one that needed to be monitored as it contained a lot of loose ends in the structure. The structural secrecy that led to the lack of being able to gain information was also responsible for the disaster. As a result, NASA did, in fact, implement a few new measures to overcome the previous failures. NASA refrained from sending manned missions for the next two years after the challenger incident. NASA also redesigned certain parts of the shuttle in an attempt to make it safe from the earlier problems. The shuttle was put to use only for unmanned missions like the launching of Discovery in 1988 (McDonald and Hansen, 2009). The craft was also used for providing maintenance for the Hubble space telescope and also performed an important function in the manufacture of the international space station. NASA reformed its safety measures after the incidence with the development of an entirely new framework that demarcated the safety measures clearly and created benchmarks which strictly needed to be followed. NASA developed a system that monitored the functioning of the entire craft and the problems associated with it that can cause any problems. The system also created a system that regulated and monitored if the conditions were fit for the launch. However, the changes were not long lasting as a similar incident was seen again in the Columbia disaster. The explosion of Challenger in 1986 should have been a wake-up call for NASA but it was seen that by 2003, the standards that were created after the challen ger incident were not in existence anymore. It was seen that there was the same level of negligence that was seen earlier in the challenger mission (McNeese, 2003). NASA had forgotten from its past mistakes and had let the very regulations that paved the way for its success after the disaster slip away. The regulations were no longer in existence and the procedures did not take into account the various risk factors that were responsible for the earlier disaster. Thus, the decision-making process did learn from its earlier experience and also devised measures to combat any such future occurrences (NASA explores, 2008). However, the organization failed to keep the measures in place owing to the lack of a body that formulated the means for monitoring of the activities of the organization. The presence of such a body would have kept things in place long after the disaster occurred. The Columbia craft encountered similar problems and experienced a similar fate. That could have been easil y avoided had there been a system in place that monitored if the various levels of the organization followed the regulations regarding the various measures that were the norms of the industry (NASA Shakeup, 2002). The problem that lay in the system was that what once caused the fate of the Challenger was now considered as normal by the management and decision-making bodies. Own assessments of strategic decision failure for the two disasters The strategic decision failure was a result of a number of factors at work during the operations of the missions. The missions failed not due to a single decision failure but were, in fact, the result of an existing system that created the situations that led to the final disaster. If we were to say that the challenger mission failed due to a slight mistake of the inspecting team, we would be thoroughly mistaken. This is because; the careless attitude of the people who were in charge of the process was responsible for the overall light inspection(Jones, 2004). The careless attitude was further created by the work culture that was prevalent from the beginning in the organization. Also, it is impossible to locate when a disaster would occur but there needs to be a system that takes into account the possible disasters that could pose a threat in the future. In such a case, NASA failed in even developing a framework that would assess the potential risks. The failure of the Challenger mis sion was due to such a light attitude towards the risks. It is true that space missions do involve a certain amount of risk but not assessing any risk are a way to leap into certain death. The lives of the astronauts lost in the process could have been saved had there been a simple decision-making strategy that accounted for the potential risks. NASA did develop a system for the smooth functioning in the aftermath of the disaster. However, it must be remembered that NASA continued using the craft even after it risked the satellite Discovery that was launched after the Challenger disaster(Monger, 2014). This goes on to prove that the decision-making process was still flawed as it supported the decision to go ahead with the use of the craft even after it caused such a disaster. The attitude of the organization was thus one that did not take into consideration the safety measures and continued using a flawed system. The result of such continued flawed decision-making process was seen i n the Columbia disaster in 2003 that claimed the life of seven astronauts. The tragedy was more into public view as an incident of loss of human life. The Columbia spacecraft was a reusable craft that had previously performed and the possibility of foam debris creating fatal consequences was not taken into account by the management. The officials responded that they did not consider the need for the process of removal of the debris as it was a common matter. The decision making process that allowed the launching of a craft that had such a certain flaw was thus responsible for the loss of human lives. The decision making process was again flawed as they did not learn from the previous mistakes(Moore, 2011). The challenger disaster prompted the development of a system that had the means to counter the various risks that were likely to be seen in the future. However, by 2003, that system although officially present, was not given much more importance. The disaster of Columbia was the r esult of such an attitude. Conclusion and recommendations The Columbia disaster might have been a significant tragedy in the human history. But it cannot be doubted that it was the fault in the decision-making process that led to NASA making more systems that could provide better safety for the future generations of astronauts(Bazerman, 2002). The investigation by the CAIB resulted in the demand for a measure that would individually examine each spacecraft before it was launched. However, NASA completely chose to retire of the programmes that possessed such a high threat. NASA must, at present aim at the development of a system that overlooks the decision making process. There should be strict adherence to the safety measures that are a norm. Government involvement, although present, must involve a deeper level of penetration into the various systems that requires thorough examination. There should be involvement of the government as an external body that monitors the various processes and puts human life ahead of organizational goals in an effort to create a safer atmosphere for the astronauts(Harrison, 1998). The problems in these sectors do not mean that NASA should only consider the recurrence of such events in the future. The decision making body should also take into account the other factors related to the programmes that could provide a possible risk for the future operations. The decision making process should be governed by certain measures that provide the organization with the much needed support about which decisions to take. References Bhatia, R. (2002). Review of Spacecraft Cryogenic Coolers.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 39(3), pp.329-346. Britton, T. (2005).NASA. Edina, Minn.: Abdo Pub. Cole, M. and Cole, M. (2003).The Columbia space shuttle disaster. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. Elish, D. (2007).NASA. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. Engdahl, S. (2014).The Challenger disaster. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. Guthrie, R. and Shayo, C. (2005).The Columbia disaster. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub. Haerens, M. (2012).NASA. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Jenkins, C. and Lassiter, J. (2002). Introduction: Design of Gossamer Spacecraft.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 39(5), pp.645-645. Koestler-Grack, R. (2004).The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Edina, Minn.: ABDO Daughters. Kortenkamp, S. (2008).NASA. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. Lieurance, S. (2001).The space shuttle Challenger disaster in American history. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Likins, P. (2003). Attitude Stability Criteria for Dual Spin Spacecraft.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 40(6), pp.946-951. McDonald, A. and Hansen, J. (2009).Truth, lies, and O-rings. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. McNeese, T. (2003).The Challenger disaster. New York: Children's Press. NASA announces new Mars mission. (2013).Phys. Today. NASA explores. (2008).Astronomy Geophysics, 49(4), pp.4.08-4.08. NASA Shakeup. (2002).Science, 295(5552), pp.29b-29. NASA's organizational and management challenges in the wake of the Columbia disaster. (2004). Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Schultz, P. and Eberhardy, C. (2015). Spectral probing of impact-generated vapor in laboratory experiments.Icarus, 248, pp.448-462. Stein, S. (2010).Disaster deferred. New York: Columbia University Press. Z, V. (2003). 2003 JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKET INDEX.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 40(6), pp.1060-1070. Zappa, M. (2011).NASA. Edina, Minn.: ABDO. Zobel, D. (2010).NASA. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media. Bazerman, M. (2002).Judgment in managerial decision making. New York: Wiley. Harrison, E. (1998).The Managerial Decision-Making Process. 5th ed. South-Western College Pub. Jones, T. (2004).Business economics and managerial decision making. Chichester, Eng.: J. Wiley. Monger, R. (2014).Managerial decision making with technology. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Moore, D. (2011).Managerial decision making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Wang, C. (2010).Managerial decision making and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Winston churchill their finest hour free essay sample

Winston Churchill In perhaps his most moving speech during World War II, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered this address in the House of Commons on June 18, 1940, vowing to lead the British people in a fight against the Nazis, Winston Churchill’s: Their finest hour, rallied the British nation in mounting a formidable defense against the Nazi’s control. Churchill is able to do this through his tone, organization and syntax. Winston Churchill was perhaps one of the greatest public speakers in history. Although Churchill delivered many speeches, his speech on June 18TH, 1940 showed the most emotion and courage of any other he told. In this speech, he explained that the war in France is over and the war in Britain would begin. On May 10, 1940, Nazi Germany began a massive attack against Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France. Britain defended these countries. The Germans relied on an aggressive battle plan, utilizing modern communications, the allies including Britain still relied on hand delivered messages. We will write a custom essay sample on Winston churchill their finest hour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, the German Blitzkrieg caught the allies off guard. After a few weeks of battle, Hitler’s armies conquered Holland, Luxemburg and Belgium. France requested an armistice, Britain now stood alone and it was Churchill’s speech that led the British into victory. (â€Å"Winston Churchill-Biographical† Nobelprize) Winston Churchill was born November, 30 1874, in Blenheim Palace. He was born into a wealthy family who treated Winston to a rich lifestyle. In 1893 Churchill entered the Royal Military College as a cadet, from here on he rose to the top ranks commanded with great authority. He began to have political speeches at the age of twenty-three (â€Å"This was their Finest Hour† Wikipedia). However, his Finest Hour speech can be argued as one of his best speeches given in a time of imminent war. The purpose of this speech was to show the members of the Commons that we must fight this war and win, for if England shall lose the rest of the rest of the world shall lose. Winston explained this in the last part of his speech. â€Å" If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their finest hour’†(Winston 5,6). This speech was written in chronological order. He firsts starts off talking about British efforts in France and the battles that were fought around the area, and then ends the speech by noting the war now lye on the British navy and army. The structure of the speech is cause and effect, he states that British conditions have worsened and he states that this is because Hitler has conquered most of the western coast of Europe and is threatening to invade Europe. If there is one thing that Churchill makes very clear throughout this speech is the adamancy of which England must fight the war, there is nothing that Hitler would not do, â€Å"Untiring vigilance and untiring searching of the mind is being, and must be, devoted to the subject, because, remember, the enemy is crafty and there is no dirty trick he will not do†(Winston 3). Churchill will not submit to tyranny. â€Å" There are a good many people who say ‘Never mind. Win or lose, sink or swim, better die then submit to tyranny- and such a tyranny.’ And I do not dissociate myself from them† (Winston 4). Winston Churchill’s speech was very well organized with specific arguments and accurate data, which explained how Britain would win the war. â€Å"†¦ the British Empire to fight on†¦ During the last few days we have successfully brought off the great majority of the troops we had on the lines of communication in France; and seven-eighths of the troops we have sent to France since the beginning of the war- that is to say, about 350,000 out of 400,000 men- are safely back in this country. Others are still fighting with the French, and fighting with considerable success†¦ We have, therefore, in this island today a very large and powerful military force† (Winston 1,2). Winston Churchill’s speeches are known for his tone and emotion that he portrays throughout them, this speech is no different. Churchill explained, â€Å" Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands†(The Art of Presentation). Words like â€Å"free, move forward and sunlit uplands† are phrases that help the citizens to feel more powerful and hopeful, and that the war would move in a positive direction. When Churchill speaks of the Navy, he shows that he is knowledgeable and knows how to defeat the Nazi Germany. He uses a formal tone throughout this speech, mainly so the listeners will understand the seriousness of the war, but also because he needs to convince them to fight the war. Churchill does not use sophisticated language, in fact most of the words he uses are simple but these words pack emotion- words such as â€Å"victory, evil, tyranny, lost, lose and win† these words evoke an emotion that rallies the British nation against Germany because even the uneducated are able to understand the imperative need to win this war. Winston Churchill also structured this speech so that the point was not made until the very end, he gives background and information and proves his point before saying what it is, this forces the listener and reader to hear the facts and determine for themselves why Britain must fight Germany. Putting the sentence â€Å" This was their finest hour† lights a spark under people and excites them about how tyranny will fall and democracy will prevail. It is the job of the people to protect and preserve the world, as they know it. If they succeed, their sacrifice will go down in history as their finest hour.

American Literature Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Bias, Equiano

American Literature Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Bias, Equiano American Literature 16th of September, 2016. Bias Perspective Motivation comparison. People never make decisions without something on the back of their minds. Any events or accidents from the past can effect person's choices and the way they react to other people and their actions. The bias are usually made from those events, bias don't change very often, if bias change, it change very slow. However it always depends on a person. Characters always have their bias, perspective and motivation, or in other words, why character is doing something. In this essay I will discuss how characters' bias, perspective and motivation were different in these four stories, and how they changed through the stories. Why authors of La Relacion, The Interesting Narrative of Life of Olaudah Equiano, The General History of Virginia and Of Plymouth Plantation wrote and published their stories? The reason why La Relacion was written and published is probably to show people, that native americans weren't always aggressive, yes they are savages, they didn't care about a medical qualification or a diploma, but they saved people anyway. The Interesting Narrative of Life of Olaudah Equiano reminds audience what a horrific barbarism was made. The main reason why author wrote the story, was a desire to show what white people did to his nation. In La Relacion, is trying to prove that native Americans, who were usually called savages, have the bowels of compassion, while people from second stories were real savages, who were just called humans. In both stories writers are trying to prove their audience, that in one case people are conscious and kind, while others are soulless and heartless. You can clearly see the similarity of bias in three stories: Le Relacion, The General History of Virginia and Of Plymouth Plantation. In all these stories, people were going to explore new lands, with a fear of local people, who were expected to be threatening and destructive. The reason why explorers were so terrify, because they never met them before, they didn't exactly know what locals can do to them and what to expect from them. Here we can add the fear of death , which could take anywhere. Cabeza de Vaca was treated with caution towards local people, his bias was changing slowly through the story. When savages saved him and his people, he was still scared of death, because there is a stereotype about cannibalism, savages could kill them for a sacrifice, but instead of it, they gave them food and place to sleep. Also I want to touch on theme of audience's perspective, in The General History of Virginia John Smith describes himself as a great, who always chooses hardest work, with high moral standards, while describing everybody else as a lazybones and "sufferers. However, later audience realizes that John Smith exaggerates his mightiness. He sink in audience estimation, when he killed two men who were trying to escape and go back to England. In the The Interesting Narrative of Life of Olaudah Equiano character's perspective was dreadful, just like in other three stories in the beginning.And now I was persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits and that they were going to kill me (line 5, page 1) He was afraid of white people not only because other people were talking about them in a bad way, but because it was his bias as well, same with other stories, Olaudah Equiano didn't know what might happened to him. Here we can draw a parallel between The Interesting Narrative of Life of Olaudah Equiano and La Relacion, in both stories characters were afraid of something based not on their own experience, but on what other people told them.

How the Boeing 707 Jet, the Bell X-1 and the NASA Mercury Capsule Essay

How the Boeing 707 Jet, the Bell X-1 and the NASA Mercury Capsule Friendship Seven Changed Aviation - Essay Example This paper aims to explain the contributions of some innovations in the aviation industry that became cornerstones of overcoming the physical limitations of man during the early 19th century. This paper also aims to discuss the positive and negative effects of aviation in America for the past seventy years, specifically starting from 1942 to the present time. According to Lombardi (8), the Boeing 707 took its first flight in Renton, Washington on the afternoon of December 20, 1957. It tool Boeing five years to be able reach the point of being able to showcase their first jet powered aircraft, that was later referred by historians as the start of the Jet Age. At exactly 12:30 pm that afternoon that day, Boeing decided to continue their first test flight of the Boeing 707. However, the weather conditions suddenly changed against the flight and officials had to abort the initial test that lasted only for 7 long minutes in the air. It was not enough, though, to claim that their design wa s truly a success since they needed a test flight that would last a full 30 minutes airborne. As the weather cleared, Boeing had decided to continue the test flight and that marked a historic day in aviation history with Boeing 707 being able lift-off, remain airborne for 71 minutes, and land back safely to the tarmac. The US government gave its full support on the achievement of Boeing and this led to a massive advertising campaign directed to the public that provided them information about the comfort and safety of travelling on jet liners. Boeing 707 and its other models that are technically similar to the design and concepts applied in the pioneer prototype aircraft, the 707-80 or commonly known as the Dash 80 jet transport prototype, have been mainly utilized for two operations – commercial flights for passenger transport and military services (9). In 1958, where Boeing 707 started its early days of operation, people who could afford to travel by air flew in slow, piston -powered transportations or Propliners. This mode of transportation was limited at that to a few dozen of passengers and shorter range flights, which was very costly at that time that not all Americans had the luxury to travel to other countries and even among other states via air travel. Mostly travelled by train for interstate travel, and transatlantic travels were carried out by large shipping vessels. However, in just a short span of two years, Boeing was able to dominate passenger air transport over travel by land and sea, this occurred during the 60s and have remained the same throughout the 70s (9). The compelling factor of the success of Boeing 707 is that the design of the aircraft can carry more passengers as compared to other aircrafts during the 60s and it allowed longer range flights, this led to reduced cost for travelling by air. It also allowed transcontinental and inter-continental travels safer, faster, and easier. Within the service lifetime of Boeing 707 from 195 8 to 1979, 1,010 aircrafts were built with a large percentage of it used for the military. Boeing also provided the Air Force with stronger air supremacy by developing aircrafts specifically modified to carry out a certain function for the needs of the air force. It was also used as Air Force One that transports the President of America to any point in the world (9). With the success of the Boeing 707 in changing the way of how commercial

Lecture review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lecture - Movie Review Example Judaism has and continues to be the true identity of a Jew despite it just being a religion which over time has closely intertwined with their culture and to a greater degree act as a seam that holds the whole nation of Israel together. Most notably is the role of Judaism in legalizing or illegalizing certain food components and at the same time determining the calendar used in that part of the world despite the rest of the world use of a totally different system. In addition, the preservation of the Hebrew language is mainly attributed to ardent following of Judaism. In as much as Judaism continues to be a pillar of the Jews in more ways than one, it cannot be referred to as an ethnicity due to the fact that there have been new converts from other ethnic groups who have embraced Judaism despite it having arisen from Jews who are a single ethnic group. In their practice of monotheism to God, the Jews offer their service to God through adhering to the commandments set out in the five law books, academia, prayer and supplication in a bid to remain faithful to the commandment they made with God. Contrary to a host of numerous world religions, Judaism is unique in the sense that it does not impose its beliefs on a population for them to acquire redemption. Rather, Judaism requires its followers and would be potential followers to practice Judaism as opposed to just confessing by word. The religion accepts new converts following adequate discernment by well-versed Judaism leaders and spiritual directors. The credible and approved source of Judaic teachings is the Bible that is composed of the Five Law books written by Moses. Historical books about the rich history of the Jews. The Prophetic books which provide God’s promises of the thing to come and the writings from prominent and inspired leaders of the former time who in a way shaped their destiny. In addition to the Bible, there exist other sources of religious teachings. These are the total of six volumes of debated and approved Jewish legislations, customs to be followed by every Jew as well as the laws to govern them called the Mishnah. The other source is the Gemara which is a record of debates from former rabbis, conversations and commentaries by the then teachers of law. In essence the two additional reference documents are referred to as the Talmud, which has continued over time to be an authority in as far as teaching Judaism is concerned. The daily life of a practicing Jew is centered on the family and it generally includes prayers, which are carried out at tree specific times of day in accordance with the teachings – morning time, in the afternoon, and at as the sun sets.(Kalmin et al, 2003) This is blended by communal times of worship, the religious observances that are held in the synagogues which are their sacred places of worship and are conducted by a rabbi, a cantor or a knowledgeable member of the congregation or a well schooled religious teacher who has atten ded a religious Jewish formation house. Other rituals that Judaism practicing adherents partake include circumcision of all their male children on their eight day after birth, in accordance with the covenant that was made between the Jews and God and carried out by Moses. It is regarded as a physical sign of tjheir covenant and in Hebrew is referred to as

European Agribusiness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

European Agribusiness - Research Paper Example To understand the direction of causality, we derive the regression equation in the next section. Regression analysis measures the relationship between two variables. It measures how one variable (the dependent variable) depends on the other (the independent or explanatory variable). The regression model that establishes a relationship between sales and number of employees can be written as follows: and are parameters of the regression line. is the intercept of the regression line and is the slope coefficient of the regression line, which measures how sensitive sales is to the number of employees; is a random error term with zero-expected value. Assuming that has an expected value of zero, we can write the regression equation as follows: It can be observed that the alpha is 0.079911 while the beta or slope coefficient of the line is 0.25. This coefficient is significant at the 1 percent level of significance indicating the existence of a strong linear dependence of sales on the number of employees. To determine which company least fits the regression equation, the expected sales is calculated using the regression equation and assuming that sales depend on the number of employees. ... Sales = 0.079911 + 0.256194 x Number of Employees Company that least fits the Regression Line Code company name Alpha Beta Predicted Sales (billions) Actual Sales (billions) Residual Figure (billions) 1 Nestle 0.079911 0.256194 18.26971 22.7 4.430285 2 Heineken 0.079911 0.256194 10.04587 8.8 -1.24587 3 Groupe Danone 0.079911 0.256194 9.046716 8.6 -0.44672 4 Unilever 0.079911 0.256194 11.35247 8.6 -2.75247 5 Danish Crown Amba 0.079911 0.256194 6.971541 6.5 -0.47154 6 Groupe Lactalis 0.079911 0.256194 6.664108 6.4 -0.26411 7 Associated British Food 0.079911 0.256194 7.330213 5.7 -1.63021 8 Sudzucker 0.079911 0.256194 5.101322 5.8 0.698678 9 Carlsberg 0.079911 0.256194 6.664108 5.2 -1.46411 10 Scottish & Newcastle 0.079911 0.256194 3.922828 4.9 0.977172 11 Royal Friesland Foods 0.079911 0.256194 3.999686 4.7 0.700314 12 Campina 0.079911 0.256194 1.693936 3.6 1.906064 13 Oetker Group 0.079911 0.256194 4.025305 3.6 -0.42531 14 Barilla 0.079911 0.256194 1.873272 3.6 1.726728 15 Tate & Lyle 0.079911 0.256194 1.309645 3.5 2.190355 16 Cadbury Schweppes 0.079911 0.256194 6.10048 3.4 -2.70048 17 Bongrain 0.079911 0.256194 4.076544 3.3 -0.77654 18 Nutreco 0.079911 0.256194 2.00137 3 0.99863 19 Kerry Group 0.079911 0.256194 4.25588 3 -1.25588 20 Danisco 0.079911 0.256194 2.795572 2.8 0.004428 21 Pernod Ricard 0.079911 0.256194 3.256722 2.7 -0.55672 22 Ebro Puleva 0.079911 0.256194 1.642697 2 0.357303 To determine which company least fits the regression equation, the expected sales is calculated using the regression equation and assuming that sales depend on the number of employees. We substitute for the number of employees in the regression equation to get the sales figure for each of the company. This figure is compared to the actual

The Process of Obtaining a Home Mortgage Essay -- Business

To begin this executive summary, we first look at the issue of research. In our semester project we are discussing the steps one would take in order to get a home mortgage. The reason we have chosen to do this project is to see how one goes about not only becoming approved for a loan but also how to service your mortgage and keep it up to par. The sources that we used in obtaining this information were sources that were able to help educate us on home mortgage and also help us further understand the entire process. The web-site www.mortgage-x.com was to me the most useful in our research. This site provided thousands of articles on the issue, a glossary and dictionary to help us in our search, and also provided a number of links to other sites that could elaborate on a certain subject. One of the links that we visited was www.fanniemae.com, this site helped us further understand Fannie Mae and apply it to our research. With this extensive research we came across a number of main findings. The first was how one went about getting a home mortgage. We found that when applying for a mortgage the borrower must give a credit report, prove sources of income, show proof of any assets, and proof of any debts, i.e. credit card payments, car loans, ect. After the application process the applicant is either accepted or denied the loan, then the terms of the mortgage are decided upon. Terms of the mortgage can include length of the loan or interest that will be charged on the mortgage. Then a mortgage agreement is signed by the borrower and the borrower receives receives the mortgage and the financial institution begins to service the loan. Upon the closing of the mortgage, the financial institution begins to service the ... ...lue of the house and other factors. Sources 1) Gasper, Juli-Ann Ph.D, â€Å"Mortgage Securitization,† Power Point presentation— copyright 2002. 2) Hayes III, Samuel L., Mortgage Banking Harvard. 1992. 3) Home Buyer’s Guide. Omaha State Bank, 2001 4) Kidwell, David S., Richard L. Peterson, and David W. Blackwell. Financial Institutions, Markets, and Money. Harcourt College, 2000, Chapter 10. 5) Managing Your Mortgage. 18 Feb. 2002 http://www.mortgage- x.com/library/managing.htm. 6) Peterson, Doug. Personal interview. 18 Feb. 2002. 7) Mortgage Application. 18 Feb. 2002 http://www.mortgage- x.com/library/application.htm. 8) Transfer of Your Mortgage. 18 Feb. 2002 http://www.mortgage- x.com/library/loan_transfer.htm. 9) Understanding Fannie Mae. 15 Feb. 2002 http://www.fanniemae.com/aboutfm.

Five sector circular flow of income of Australian economy

?Outline the main features of the five-sector circular flow of income model of the Australian economy. Explain how leakages and injections influence the level of economic activity. The five sector circular flow of income model describes the operation of an economy and the linkages between the main sectors in an economy. The model divides the income to five sectors; the individuals, Businesses, financial institutions, governments and international trade and financial flows.The individuals consist of all individuals in the economy and looks at their activities such as earning income and spending it on goods and services. They supply factors of production (inputs) such as labour and enterprise to businesses who then produce goods and services. Individuals then receive incomes as rent, wages, interest and profits. It is important to think of the individuals sector and the business firms together as together they affect the amount of economic activity in a circular flow of income. The bus inesses buy factors of production and use them to sell goods and services.They are dependent on individuals, as their spending becomes their income to then spend on producing the goods and services in demand for the consumers. Individuals and businesses are interdependent they are both needed to exist. The institutions involved in the borrowing and lending money of money are the financial institutions sector. They act between the savers and borrowers of money and consist of; banks, building societies, finance companies, credit unions, superannuation funds and life insurance companies.It enables individuals and businesses to both save and borrow money. The financial institutions mobilise savings so they can be used for investment. In the circular flow of income savings are leakages as it is money withdrawn causing a reduction in both the circular flow of income and in economic activity. The leakage of savings causes a fall in expenditure on goods and services, a fall in production, a fall in the demand for resources and a fall in income to the owners of those resources. To counteract the leakagesof savings there are injections of investment. Investment is any current expenditure that is made in order to obtain benefits in the future. Investments represent an injection into the circular flow and have the opposite effect of a leakage. Spending on investment would lead to rising expenditure, production, employment and income levels in the economy. The individuals, businesses and financial institutions make up the private sector of our economy. The government sector consists of the Commonwealth, state and local.They are responsible for collective (community) wants and obtain resources by imposing taxes on the other sectors of the economy. The government then uses tax revenue to undertake government expenditure. Taxation is a leakage in the economy and causes a reduction in the level of economic activity. Government expenditure represents an injection as it goes tow ards collective goods and services. The sector is our public sector and together with the private sector makes up the domestic sector in our economy.International trade and financial flows cover all transactions that our economy has with the rest of the world. This includes exports, imports and international money flows. Imports are goods and services produced overseas but sold in Australia and these payments represent leakages from the circular flow. Exports are goods and services produced in Australia but sold overseas to overseas customers and increase the size of the circular flow, as they are injections.

Vaccination And Respiratory Diseases Vaccine Preventable...

It’s true that some vaccine-preventable diseases have become less frequent thanks to vaccinations. However, cases and occurrence still happen. In 2014 measles came back into the attention, with over 600 cases from 27 states reported to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center from Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD). This is the largest number of incidences since measles were eradicated in the U.S. in 2000. From the beginning of 2016 to July, there where been over 45 cases of measles reported in the United States (School Starts Soon—Is Your Child Fully Vaccinated? | Features | CDC, n.d.) During a child’s initial life, vaccinations guard them from 14 diseases, some of which. can be severe and even life-threatening. Parents who choose not to vaccinate their children multiplied the risk of disease not only for their child, but also for other children and adults thru the community (School Starts Soon—Is Your Child Fully Vaccinated? | Features | CDC, n.d.). For example, a child that has a weakened immune system due to an illness is at a higher risk of contracting a disease. There are several vaccinations required for children before they are ready to enter Kindergarten. Some of which are: measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP), polio, varicella, and in some cases hepatitis A and B. Currently, in all 50 states there is some method of vaccination requirement before entering public school. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedVaccinations, Do They Protect Or Are They Harmful?904 Words   |  4 PagesTo Vaccinate, or not to Vaccinate Vaccinations, do they protect or are they harmful? This is a question that every parent ponders when it is time to inject their children with medicines. Since vaccinations first began being administered in 1800s there have been those who protest them and those who stand behind them. It is a parents choice to have their children vaccinated or to opt out of vaccinations. A vaccine or immunization is a dose administered by either injection, orally or sometimes nasallyRead MoreVaccination Is The Most Common Means Of Preventing Childhood Infectious Diseases?1661 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of vaccinations Vaccinations are the most common means of preventing childhood infectious diseases. The term vaccination is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term originally devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 when he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox 1. In 1881, Louis Pasteur suggested that the term vaccination should be extended to denote the newer preparations that were being developed at that time 2. Louis PasteurRead MoreThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm ) Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesOut of all the vaccine preventable diseases, pertussis challenges most infectious diseases in severity and importance in children. In 2014, the incidence rate of pertussis in the United States increased by 15%, with almost 33,000 cases reported (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). The bacterium that causes this illness attacks an unprotected immune by attaching to the lining of the respiratory system. After initial attack, begins the release of the toxins that prohibit the respiratory system from workingRead MoreProtecting Their Children Against Harmful Illnesses1266 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancements in medical technology, vaccines have been created to offer immunity against deadly diseases. For decades, children have been kept safe from receiving these vaccines in childhood. Many of the illnesses that once wreaked havoc in the United States have been eradicated. However, in recent years, many parents have become more fearful of these recommended vaccinations. A fear of debilitating side effects has overshadowed the fear of contracting potentially fatal diseases. As a result, fewer parentsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Measles Vaccine1133 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch paper written by Dr. Andrew Wakefield and his research partners. This particular paper stated that there was a direct link between autism, Gastrointestinal Decease and the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine. It concluded that a specific mercury base d preservative found in the vaccine caused neurological damage to some children (Wakefield). Numerous doctors and researchers of all kinds tried to duplicate Wakefield’s research. No one could confirm his hypothesis or render the same resultsRead MoreThe Effects Of Vaccination On Children s Children1725 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Vaccination is widely considered one of the greatest medical achievements of modern civilization (Harvard Law School, 2007). Childhood deaths from infectious diseases were commonplace less than a generation ago; however they’re now increasingly rare due to vaccines. In order to be effective at eliminating communicable diseases, vaccines must be administrated to a sufficient level of people in the community. However, there has been plenty of controversy over the morality, ethics, effectivenessRead MoreBig Pharma Paccines Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesIn the year of 2017, I would think 99% of the population of the Western world would believe in the life saving abilities and precautions vaccines are able to provide. But recently, a new wave of danger has befallen the mommy bloggers and soccer moms. The fear of bearing autistic children ‘brought about by vaccines’ is too much for these moms, they couldn’t watch their child suffer such a fate. So what’s their solution to protect their precious miracle? Ultimately, sacrificing the overall physicalRead MorePublic Health Issue : Anti Vaccination1357 Words   |  6 PagesJudith Cramer Public Health Professor Ebin Public Health Issue: Anti-Vaccination Sentiments In California a public health crisis has begun to arise. Parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children much more often then they have in the past years. According to â€Å"Plunge in Kindergartners Vaccination Rate Worries Health Officials,† an article written in the Los Angeles Times, â€Å"California parents are deciding against vaccinating their kindergarten-age children at twice the rate they did sevenRead MoreVaccinating Children Should Be Mandatory Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthat vaccinations were considered a normal part of childhood, right along with loosing teeth and toilet training. However, in recent years vaccinations have become an extremely hot button issue, with many parents actually choosing not to vaccinate their children. The idea seems preposterous considering how many people were left with twisted backs, and withered limbs due to polio, or the amount of deaths as a result of measles. To see someone who has been left in an iron lung from a disea se that isRead MoreRespiratory Infection During The Hajj1284 Words   |  6 PagesRespiratory Infection during the Hajj Generally infectious diseases is one of the most demanding challenges facing the health sector today and respiratory infection take a great concern of it. Mass gathering in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, either it was for Hajj or Umrah, is considered one of the potential sources of developing dissemination infectious diseases on large scale. Many factors contribute to the spread of these infections, including crowding, the health of the attendees, and the type