Behaviorism and Social Learning by B.F. Skinner Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿Behaviorism and Social Learning by B. F. Skinner The theory of operant conditioning is a thought brought forth by B. F. Skinner, which relies upon behavioral manipulations in a society to yield the desired conduct. It posits that an individual’s response to environmental factors constitutes their behavior, and as such, controlling these environmental factors extends further to affecting the individual’s overall behavior (Saccuzzo & Kaplan, 2012). Through this, the theory of operant conditioning is based on the key element of strengthening or reinforcing these factors to yield the desired responses. Moreover, individual’s cognitive development is viewed as a function of the negativity or positivity of the enforcement. From this, Skinner’s theory deducts that behavioral change and learning are correlated thereby affecting interactions within a society (Snowman et al, 2011). In light of the above, setting up an ideal society basing on these ideas require the consideration of all the principles to ensure total utopianism. The society would have one body that deals with all legal issues affecting it. The structure of this body would consist of distinct branches that deal with positive reinforces and negative reinforces. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorism and Social Learning by B.F. Skinner or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is in line with the components of the operant conditioning module (Snowman et al, 2011). The same legal body would formulate the required conditions under these reinforces. From this, the positive reinforces division would be mandated with considering and implementing feasible ideas that commend good behavior in the society through incentives such as awards. On the other hand, the negative reinforces subdivision would be tasked with identifying the conditions within the community that could push individuals into undesired behavior (Saccuzzo & Kaplan, 2012). Apart from the above, the legal body would be involved with formulating the laws for the society. In doing this, the laws would be considerate of the behavioral principles such as creating a provision whereby all members of the society undergo cognitive behavioral therapy on an annual or biannual interval. This is because cognitive behavior is among the significant aspects that behavioral p rinciples lay emphasis (Snowman et al, 2011). Due to the constant behavioral therapies initiated by the bodies in authority, individuals deemed to be worthy of some check up and psychological intervention would be secluded and subjected to the appropriate action as per their levels of need (Carducci, 2009). In addition to creating a favorable environment for general economic activities, the above system would extend further to the economy of the society thereby resulting in a climate that facilitates economic growth. The economic structure would integrate only the individuals whose behaviors and cognitive capabilities are endorsed by the legal and psychological bodies within the society mandated with monitoring the cognitive abilities of the masses (Nicholas, 2009). This integration of both practitioners and psychology professionals would ensure that the economic structure of the society was composed of only mentally capable individuals to result in the best possible results and q uick decision-making in the entire economic system (Saccuzzo & Kaplan, 2012). Through this, only the group of individuals responsible for the economy will have access to the knowledge, and as such, this would be in line with the principle that advocates for limiting information to result in the reinforcement of responses (Powell et al, 2009). The reliance of the society on a cognitive therapy guided platform would ensure that the social relations of the community would be cordial and this would extend further to their family compositions (Carducci, 2009). Furthermore, the evils of the society would be faced by a well-designed procedural approach that considers all perspectives of the problems. This would consider the offender’s traits and background information. All the management programs put in place would be viewing societal tribulations from a therapeutic point of view. The management of ills would also be reliant upon the reinforcement bodies set up. This would consider the levels of positive or negative reinforcement to administer while dealing with societal occurrences (Powell et al, 2009). Moreover, according to the principle that recognizes the generalization of reinforcements across similar stimuli, the bodies would create criteria for organizing the ills into various identical factions to fall under a similar reinforcement as this forms an easier way of dealing with them (Carducci, 2009). The society would incorporate punishment into the system though it would have to be within the scope of the operant conditioning rubric. This would be in the form of identifying the offenders and subjecting them to stimuli or conditions that would trigger them to reverse their actions or respond weakly to it (Nicholas, 2009). Alternatively, it could involve the withdrawal of a favorable condition after the occurrence of a behavior (Powell et al, 2009). The successful implementation of all these steps would result in a more sane society where the power of psychic and cognitive control would form the basis of directing the society towards the required direction. References. Saccuzzo, P. & Kaplan, R. (2012). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Powell, R. et al (2009). Introduction to Learning and Behavior. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Snowman, J. et al (2011). Psychology Applied to Teaching. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Nicholas, L. (2009). Introduction to Psychology. Texas, TX: Juta and Company Ltd. Carducci, B. (2009). The Psychology of Personality. Malden, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

What Makes Life So Precious - 882 Words

What makes life so precious? Is it the fact that our decisions determine whether we change in one day? We are born in a day, we die in a day, and can fall in love in a day. But we forget the life we take for granted the most, Earth. In the Visual argument, a lung-shaped forest is depicted with a dying right lung. Deforestation is slowly eating at Earth and causing oxygen levels to plummet. In the image, the creator shows our environment s struggle to produce oxygen due to mankind’s greed, deforestation, and illegal logging. Mankind s greed has never been satisfied since the beginning of time. Human beings are always looking for a way forward and are never satisfied even when a job is considered done. Something always has to be bigger, faster, and stronger, hence the reason why humans are separated from everything in the animal kingdom. In the visual argument, mankind’s greed is exhibited as the lung in the picture. The missing vegetation on the bottom right lung symbolizes the greed and unnecessary poaching us as humans have committed. Another way the reader might perceive the picture might be that the lack of water in the streams resembling the over consumption of water we use. Forested watersheds generally offer higher-quality water than watersheds under alternative land uses. Quality can also be higher because forests sometimes help to regulate soil erosion and reduce sediment load, although the extent and significance of this function will vary. Without our forestsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` Sapphire s Novel `` Push ``1570 Words   |  7 Pagesreaders. The story follows Precious through two years of her life, during which she experience all the emotions that Sapphire imposes on the reader. This is to make readers empathize with Precious. Sapphire carefully chooses her words, using specially chosen phrases at certain integral points in the novel. 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On page 36 Precious says, â€Å"When I go sit down boyz make fart sounds wif they mouf likeRead MorePrecious: A Case Study Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Precious: A Case Study Kristan Hughart Wilmington University Precious: A Case Study The move Precious (based on the novel â€Å"Push† written by Sapphire), depicts the life of a 16 year old girl named Claireece â€Å"Precious† Jones. The story is set in Harlem, NY in 1987. Precious has suffered severe abuse throughout her life by both of her parents. She has seemed to have slipped through the cracks of the system from family, the school system, child services, as wellRead MorePrecious1153 Words   |  5 PagesPrecious: A Case Study Use sociological concepts to make sense out of the life of 16 year old Clareece Precious Jones (an overweight, illiterate African-American teen in Harlem), as depicted in the 2009 film Precious. It’s based on the novel Push by Sapphire. 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Different Ways of Persuading Free Essays

A few years back, I had a very close friend who never believes that she has the ability to keep up with life. She reiterates that she is ugly and that nobody is going to like her forever. In addition to that, she insists that she is not at all intelligent. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Ways of Persuading or any similar topic only for you Order Now She states that she is useless almost every waking moment of her life. What I did was to show her that I extremely like her; see, according to the â€Å"law of liking†, individuals tend to be fond of someone showing fondness to them as well (Rinke, 2006, n. p. ). My persuasive manner of delivery actually changed her belief that nobody is going to like her (Rinke, 2006, n. p. ). When this same close friend of mine got sick of endometriosis, she did not believe that surgery can help her (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). What I did was to combine â€Å"trust, logic, and emotions† to convince her to undergo surgery for her sake (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). I had to tell her that she should trust me and I did that by explaining carefully the procedure of the operation, as well as, the advantages that it will bring her after (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. . The tone of my voice, as well as, my body language surely touched her as well since I was able to convince her eventually (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). There was also a time when she had a terrible family problem (Hogan, 1996, p. 95 – 114). I did not say much, simply because it is enough that I was there to listen and to show her that I care; through the non-verbal communication I carried out, I was able to convince her that her situation is not that bad after all (Hogan, 1996, p. 95 – 114). The gestures, as well as, the eye contacts were convincing enough (Syque, 2007, n. . ). On a final note, in almost all the situations that I have been there with her, I utilized â€Å"reason† to convince her (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). When she told me that she believes all men are bad, I immediately provided her with objective reasons why she should not continue to believe so (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). She was able to draw a commonsensical conclusion eventually after I presented explanations as to why she should not generalize her emotions/perceptions toward men (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). How to cite Different Ways of Persuading, Papers

The Case About Rf and Tatarstan Delegation of Authorities free essay sample

Why Tatarstan was succeeded to be the â€Å"elected† region in terms of its’ authorities? As far as I could understand, the reasons why Tatarstan was chosen for delegation of Authorities and this Agreement are mostly historical. Historical and political preconditions of Tatarstan turned in such way, that Russian Federation and Tatarstan were nearly in equal position. For example, Tatarstan was independent co-founder of USSR, Tatarstan Tatarstan did not participate in election of State Duma in December 1993, Tatarstan did not sign the Federative Agreement in 1992. This shows the level of independence of Tatarstan from Russian Federation. In my opinion, Tatarstan was not very powerful republic, thus, to keep on developing it needed an alliance. It had political independence, but in terms of resources and power it did not have much. Russia, on the other hand, wanted to avoid appearance of another country just in the very heart of it. To avoid repeat of Chechnya Case, Russian Authorities decided to change the way they behave about it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case About Rf and Tatarstan Delegation of Authorities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of gaining power using military forces, Russian Federation took the way of diplomacy and political alliance. Thus, we can say that both sides needed this agreement, bith sides could benefit from it, but in my opinion, Tatarstan would need it more than Russia, in the case of different location. 2. Suggest some more or less objective criteria to select regions for establishing special favorable regime of relations with the federal center. This question in my point of view cannot have theoretical solution, because in any different case there would be new accomplishments and new terms, that would challenge the theory pretty much. But still, some tips could be defined. I think that in century of innovations and technological development, very important aspect would be potential rate of development of the region. It’s not important how much the region is developed, it’s much more vital – how can we develop it. In what way we can grow industry, or culture or trade or any other side of life of country. This criterion is very subjective, I understand this, but this is more an advantage than a disadvantage. Because government should realize itself, for what reason it needs the region, why it is necessary to develop favorable relations with this or that region, in what way it could be profitable. From history of Russian Empire we know examples of having totally useless for Empire regions (Poland) and caused a lot of trouble in tries to keep it quiet and not rebelling. 3. What is the author’s opinion on respect of whether special delegation of authorities between Tatarstan and RF is a good thing? Do you agree with him and why? On example of RF and Tatarstan Agreement we can see how idea of federal construction, integration and decentralization actually works. Author has very positive opinion about creating decentralized country and going on forward in development of this way. I do not have any real opinion about this, but if we look at 70 years of centralized country, and look at what do we have to suffer afterwards, I would say that decentralization is the right way to develop country federal structure, so that all the knowledge and all the experience is circulating among regions, and let develop the weak.